什么是順酐法BDO？順酐法BDO，顧名思義是以順酐為原料制備BDO的工藝，其原料順酐可由苯或者丁烷氧化制成。由于環境污染問題，國內苯法順酐裝置長期處于停產狀態或者經過改造以丁烷氧化制順酐，目前全球80%順酐產能都采用固定床丁烷法，具有原料易得、污染小、產品收率高等特點。
What is maleic anhydride method BDO? The maleic anhydride method BDO, as the name suggests, is a process of preparing BDO from maleic anhydride, which can be made from benzene or butane oxidation. Due to the environmental pollution problem, the domestic benzene-based maleic anhydride plant has been shut down for a long time or has been transformed to produce maleic anhydride by butane oxidation. At present, 80% of the world's maleic anhydride production capacity adopts the fixed-bed butane process, which has the characteristics of easy access to raw materials, low pollution and high product yield.
順酐廠家認為，順酐法是根據順酐加氫時的步驟不同可分為直接加氫法與間接加氫法，間接加氫法中根據加氫時的物料形態又可分為氣相加氫法與液相加氫法。
The maleic anhydride manufacturer believes that the maleic anhydride method can be divided into direct hydrogenation method and indirect hydrogenation method according to the different steps of the hydrogenation of maleic anhydride, and the indirect hydrogenation method can be divided into gas phase hydrogenation method and liquid phase hydrogenation method according to the material form during the hydrogenation.
直接加氫與間接加氫
Direct hydrogenation and indirect hydrogenation
直接加氫法
Direct hydrogenation
順酐直接加氫工藝能夠同時不同比例的THF(四氫呋喃)、GBL(y-丁內酯)和BDO等系列產品，反應條件不同，其產品的相應組成也是不同的。
The direct hydrogenation process of maleic anhydride can simultaneously produce THF (tetrahydrofuran), GBL (y-butyrolactone), BDO and other series products in different proportions. The corresponding composition of the products is different with different reaction conditions.
酯化加氫法
Esterification hydrogenation method
加氫反應可以在氣相或者是液相中進行，采用了銅系催化劑，主體反應的條件要比順酐直接加氫工藝溫和很多。由于順酐加氫是強放熱反應，直接加氫反應條件苛刻，控制難度高，目前還沒有工業化運行裝置，在運裝置均采用的是間接法。
The hydrogenation reaction can be carried out in the gas phase or the liquid phase. The copper catalyst is used, and the main reaction conditions are much milder than the direct hydrogenation process of maleic anhydride. Because the hydrogenation of maleic anhydride is a strong exothermic reaction, the direct hydrogenation reaction conditions are harsh and difficult to control. At present, there is no industrial operation device, and the devices in operation are all indirect methods.
氣相加氫與液相加氫
Gas phase hydrogenation and liquid phase hydrogenation
兩者化學反應方程式是一致的，區別在于加氫單元馬來酸二甲酯是在氣相還是在液相條件下反應。
The chemical reaction equations of the two are the same. The difference is that the hydrogenation unit dimethyl maleate reacts in the gas phase or in the liquid phase.
氣相加氫順酐法，是在進行加氫反應時，將所有的物料先氣化為氣相，再與氫氣（同樣為氣相）反應，很終制得BDO，并副產少量THF（根據需要也可以副產少量GBL）。
The gas-phase hydrogenation maleic anhydride method is to gasify all materials into the gas phase and then react with hydrogen (also gas phase) during the hydrogenation reaction, and finally produce BDO with a small amount of THF (a small amount of GBL can also be produced as required).
液相加氫順酐法，則不需要進化步驟，而是直接將液相的物料與氫氣（氣相）反應制BDO，因此該方法又可稱為混合相加氫順酐法。
The liquid-phase hydrogenation maleic anhydride method does not require gasification, but directly reacts the liquid-phase materials with hydrogen (gas phase) to produce BDO. Therefore, this method can also be called the mixed-phase hydrogenation maleic anhydride method.
順酐法制BDO的原料之一正丁烷，其主要來源一是大型煉化裝置石油裂解的C4餾分分離得到的副產品(如惠州宇新依托中海殼牌和惠州石化的混合C4分離提純得到BDO的原料正丁烷);二是油田氣和濕天然氣、LPG(液化石油氣)的進口商，國內順酐法制BDO企業主要分布的沿海地區，可以依托石油煉化企業或港口獲得原料正丁烷。
One of the raw materials for the production of BDO from maleic anhydride is n-butane, which is mainly derived from the by-product of C4 fraction separation of petroleum cracking in large refining and chemical plants (such as the raw material of BDO production from Huizhou Yuxin relying on the mixed C4 separation and purification of CNOOC Shell and Huizhou Petrochemical); The second is the importer of oil field gas, wet natural gas and LPG (liquefied petroleum gas). Domestic maleic anhydride BDO enterprises are mainly distributed in coastal areas, and can rely on petroleum refining enterprises or ports to obtain raw material n-butane.
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